{"id":1309,"date":"2026-09-07T10:05:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T00:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/?p=1309"},"modified":"2026-09-07T10:05:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T00:05:28","slug":"garbage-in-garbage-out-is-not-always-true-for-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/?p=1309","title":{"rendered":"Garbage In, Garbage Out is not always True for AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover-1024x512.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/opamp_cover.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What a 741 op-amp says about training networks on data that is 99 per cent wrong<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The open-loop gain (A) of an LM741 is a minimum of 20,000 and typically 200,000. A ten to one spread, on the parameter that defines the part sounds like a problem. It doesn\u2019t matter because nobody uses the open-loop gain. Instead, you wrap the amplifier in two resistors, and the closed-loop gain becomes approximately 1\/\u03b2 (\u03b2 is the resistor ratio). The transistor specifications inside the amplifier can be as sloppy as they like. To confirm, calculate the closed loop gain: with A = 20,000 the closed-loop gain is 9.995, with A = 200,000 it is 9.9995. A ten to one variation in the active device becomes a 0.005 per cent variation at the output. The 1 per cent tolerance resistors are the important spec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why \u201cgarbage in, garbage out\u201d is a half truth in any system with feedback.\u00a0<strong>A feedback loop does not need accurate components. It needs an accurate reference<\/strong>. Whether that distinction carries over to training and running neural networks turns out to be a well studied question, and the answer is the same as for the op-amp, right down to the caveat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/briefs.aiadvances.org\/garbage-in-garbage-out-is-not-always-true-for-ai-2dc090e4bd17?sk=9e0c8fd90deaaaebf93163852bead665\">Read More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What a 741 op-amp says about training networks on data that is 99 per cent wrong. The open-loop gain (A) of an LM741 is a minimum of 20,000 and typically 200,000. A ten to one spread, on the parameter that defines the part sounds like a problem. It doesn\u2019t matter because nobody uses the open-loop [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_wp_convertkit_post_meta":{"form":"-1","landing_page":"0","tag":"0","restrict_content":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,45,43],"tags":[69],"class_list":{"0":"post-1309","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ai","7":"category-embedded","8":"category-robotics","9":"tag-embedded-ai","10":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1311,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1309\/revisions\/1311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.reefwing.com.au\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}